Tsirkadnye rhythms. The nature ostsilljatora

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What physical basis of these endogennyh tsirkadnyh rhythms? It is difficult for finding out, as each cage is much more difficult, than we represent to ourselves, and all organism - the unit from many cages - is even more combined. It is possible to see some aspects of this complexity directly, for example, by means of an electronic microscope; others can be revealed physical and chemical methods, as, say, at studying of structure of macromolecules of fiber and nucleinic acids; about the third it is possible to conclude only indirectly, proceeding from complexity of behaviour of biological systems. We also face this last situation, observing endogennye rhythms.

To learn something about the nature ostsilljatora, many researchers tried to find out, what conditions can change the period (time necessary for one full cycle) or a phase of a rhythm. It is supposed that any effective factor breaks internal work of hours. If we have prevented fluctuation of sheet Samanea, motionlessly having fixed it at some o'clock after clearing it quickly would accept the same angular position, as loose control sheet. Thus, the mechanical obstacle disturbs to rhythm display, but does not influence readout of time by hours. On the contrary, light exposure and temperature changes, and also some chemical substances (ions Li +, heavy water, ethanol) can change a rhythm phase. About all effective in this respect substances it is known that they influence properties of cellular membranes. It has led many researchers of thought that periodic changes of membranes are a component ' a clockwork '. Membrannye of a surface surround all cage and separate kompartmenty cellular contents. Ritmicheski regulating streams metabolitov in a cage and from a cage, in organelly and from organell, internal clocks could create rhythmic changes in himizme and physiology of cages.

This sort of changes in membrane structure really observed at monocelled seaweed Gonyaulax. Apparently, occurrence in a membrane of some albuminous particles observed in an electronic microscope after freezing and skalyvanija, changes with okolosutochnoj periodicity. however we do not know, how these rhythmic changes in membrane structure are generated. It is a key question which it is necessary to answer if we wish to understand the nature of internal clocks.