Regulation of growth of plants by means of chemicals. Gibberelliny

you are: Regulation of growth of plants by means of chemicals

By manufacture gibberellinov for agriculture cultures of mushrooms are used, and plants are processed by the cleared natural products. Usually apply gibberellovuju acid (GKz) because it is unique gibberellin, made in considerable quantities though now on sale there is expensive mix ГК4 and ГК7, but it is used only in special cases. Gibberelliny are applied in following purposes:

1. Increase of manufacture of seedless grades of grapes. Under action gibberellinov are formed larger the identical sizes of a cluster with larger berries. Among other effects gibberellin causes lengthening of the fruit stem (small stalk) connecting each berry with a cluster, promoting that to formation of larger berries. In essence all grapes delivered on the market, are processed now gibberellinom.

2. Processing of oranges which prevents peel ageing, extends harvesting terms and consequently, increases the period of sale of fruits.

3. Stimulation of formation of flower kidneys and improvement of quality of berries at a cherry.

4. Infructescence improvement on apple-trees and pears, especially at adverse weather.

5. Replacement holodovoj processings in following cases:) an induction of flowering for formation of seeds (garden radish);

) stretching stimulation (a celery, a rhubarb);

) stimulation of earlier formation tsvetkov (artichoke).

6. Formation of hybrid seeds at cucumbers. In most cases cucumbers of high-yielding grades represent Fi-hybrids. Spraying GK induces formation man's tsvetkov on those plants at which pistillate flowers are usually formed only. Therefore on the next plants of other line forming only pistillate flowers, seeds turn out hybrid.

7. Stimulation of formation of malt. Addition GK to sprouting barley in the course of beer preparation promotes synthesis a-amilazy therefore malt formation raises and accelerated. As malt serves as raw materials in brewing, this method can be used for increase in manufacture of beer.

8. Increase of productivity of a sugar cane. GK stimulates a stretching of stalks of a sugar cane, leaving without change concentration of sugar therefore the pure exit of sugar increases.

Tsitokininy

The Basic application tsitokininov is defined by that they slow down ageing and promote preservation of green colouring of leaves. For this purpose apply it is mainly artificial synthesised highly active tsitokinin - benziladenin. Processing by it ostrolista which use as a celebratory ornament, allows to make plant cleaning many weeks prior to its use. To increase periods of storage of green vegetables (fig. 14.25), such as an asparagus, sparzhevaja cabbage, a celery, they could be processed after cleaning by a solution benziladenina. However such application of this preparation for the present is not authorised. As tsitokininy have similarity to components of nucleinic acids, they, probably, possess cytotoxic properties and until corresponding toxicological researches are conducted, their use, possibly, it will be forbidden.

Etilen

Etilen finds wide application, but as it represents gaseous substance, it can be used only in the closed space. Itself etilen it is used for acceleration of maturing of fruits transported in an unripe condition, such, as bananas, during their storage. It gives the big benefit as green bananas - rigid and consequently not so easily fight and spoil, as mature. It is possible then to transport the soft ripened bananas safely in shop from a nearby warehouse. Recently on sale has appeared liquid, allocating etilen chemical - 2-hloretilfosfonovaja acid (the trading name-etrel or etefon). Plants spray this substance at subacidic rn. After its receipt in cages and contact to the cytoplasm having about neutral rn, it collapses with liberation gaseous etilena. This connection starts to be used in agriculture for many purposes. Its action is based mainly that allocated etilen makes usual effects for it.

1. In the practical relation the most important, value has application etefona on plantations of rubber-bearing trees in South East Asia. The matter is that this connection promotes vytekaniju from them latex. When on a rubber-bearing tree do a cut, latex flows any time until the wound will not begin to live. Etefon slows down cut healing therefore vytekanie latex proceeds during longer period. Thus, the latex exit raises without increase in number of cuts.

2. Stimulation of simultaneous maturing and colouring of fruits. This action etefona has special value at cleaning of tomatoes by machine way at one time.

3. Acceleration of subsidence of the fruits, facilitating their mechanical cleaning. There is a potential possibility of use of this connection at gathering of variety of fruits, such, as grapes, a cherry and citrus.

4. Stimulation of formation of pistillate flowers at pumpkin (cucumbers, a pumpkin and a melon) that leads to increase in number of the fruits formed on one plant.

5. Initsiatsija flowerings and regulation of maturing of pineapples